Which of the following is a direct consequence of overfishing?

The option indicating decreased fish populations affecting predator species is correct because overfishing directly reduces the number of fish available in aquatic ecosystems. When fish populations decline, it disrupts the balance of the marine food web. Many marine predators, such as larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, depend on these fish as a primary food source. As their prey becomes scarcer, these predator species face nutritional stress, leading to their decline in population as well.

In contrast, the other choices do not reflect the consequences of overfishing accurately. Increased fish habitat would not result from overfishing; rather, habitat destruction can occur due to fishing practices, leading to further challenges for fish populations. Improved marine food web balance is not a consequence of overfishing; rather, it tends to destabilize the ecosystem as the removal of key fish species impacts various other organisms. Lastly, while overfishing could initially lead to some short-term increases in recreational fishing opportunities due to a few abundant species being caught, the long-term effect usually results in fewer fish, diminished fishing experiences, and reduced opportunities for anglers.